Group 7

241• Fixed Wide Splitting – is present in patients with Atrial Septal Defect. Which is a fixed wide splitting of S2.


242• Phrenic Nerve – which innervates diaphragm, arises from C3-C5.


243• Clubbed Fingers – patients will usually have Bronchiectasis or other Lung Diseases.


244• Uroporphyrynogen Synthase – is an enzyme deficient in patients with Porphyria.

245• Patients with Coronary Thrombi – will have a high activity of Metalloproteinases in the clot and this will predispose to Myocardial Infarction.


246• Colchicine – inhibits Leukocyte Migration and Phagocytosis by Blocking Tubulin Polymerization. The side effects are Nausea and Diarrhea, should not be used in Renal Insufficiency Patients or Elderly.

247• Children with Measles – will benefit from therapy with Vitamin A. Defficiency of vitamin A, will include xerophthalmia, night blindness, keratomalacia and corneal perforation.


248• Strep Viridans – will be present after Dental Surgery, and will use Dextrans as substrates to facilitate adherence of Strep Viridans to Fibrin.


249• Inhaled Anesthetics – will vasodilate Cerebral Vasculature, but will depress the blood flow in Liver, Kidneys, Heart.

250• TCA Patients Cause of Death – is usually due to Arrhythmia which is precipitated by Blocking of Fast Sodium Channels in patients who overdose on Tricyclic Anti Depressants, which normally inhibit reuptake of Norepinephrine and Serotonin.


251• Imipramine – which is a TCA, will precipitate episodes of Mania in patients who are depressed.

252• Malignant Hyperthermia – usually occurs after inhalation anesthetics were used and is treated with Dantrolene, which Ryanodine Receptors and will inhibit the release of Calcium into a cytoplasm.

253• Nafcillin or Methicillin – resistance is due to alteration of Penicillin Binding Protein. Which will alter the Binding of Penicillin and thus cause Resistance.

254• Enteropeptidase Deficiency – will decrease conversion of Trypsinogen to Trypsin in Intestines, which will present with diarrhea, growth retardation and hypoproteinemia.


255• Lymphedema in Post Mastectomy Patients – will predispose to development of Lymphangiosarcoma of Lymphatic Channels, will occur 10 years after the surgery.


256• Natural Killer Cells – are responsible for killing if MHC I cells fail to respond. NK cells are CD16 and CD56, and do not require Thymus for Maturation. They are activated by IL 12


257• Sickle Cell Patient – with HbA of 60% and Hb S of 40% will not develop painful crises, due to a high number of Hb A, but will be protected from Plasmodium Falciparum.


258• QT Prolongation – will result from mutation of K channel protein that contributes to delayed current of cardiac action potential.


259• Wegener Granulomatosis – will present with Crescents on Light Microscopy.


260• Decidualization of endometrium – is seen in pregnancy, it’s just another name for a change in the endometrium with gestation

261• Perchlorate, Pretechnetate – are used to pretreat people with Thyroid Problems, they will block iodide absorption via competitive inhibition.

262• Adenosine Deaminase – deficient in SCID and Adenosine accumulates and is toxic to T-lymphocytes.

263• Hydroxylation of Lysine to Proline – occurs in RER and requires Vitamin C.


264• Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase – is indicative of Osteoblastic Activity


265• Tartrase Resistant Acid Phosphatase, Hydroxyproline and Deoxypyridinoline – indicative of Osteoclastic Activity.

266• Glucocoricoid Therapy – number 1 cause for Adrenal Insufficiency


267• Atherosclerosis – predisposes to Abdominal Aortic Aneyurism Formation

268• Hypertension – risk factor for development of Aortic Dissections


269• Abdominal Pain due to Pancreatitis – is the presenting sign of patients with Hypertriglyceridimea, where there are eleveated levels of Chylomicrons


270• Hepatitis B Infection – will fill up the cytoplasm with spheres and tubules containing HbSAg, which gives it eosinophilic ground glass appearance

271• Hepatitis C Infection – will form lymphoid accumulation in the portal tracts and cause focal areas of macrovesicular steatosis.

272• Haloperidol – the drug associated with the side effect of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, which presents with confusion and muscle rigidity.

273• Glucocorticoids – are preferred as a short term therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Methotrexate is used for Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis.


274• Neuronal Damage – will present with Gliosis, due to the death of Astrocytes.


275• Calcium Channel Blockers – will present with Bilateral Ankle Swelling and Flushing as a Side Effect.


276• α Ketoacid Dehydrogenase – is usually deficient in Maple Syrup Disease and the treatment is to avoid Branched Chain Amino Acids, such as Isoleucine, Leucine and Valine.

277• Goodpasture’s Syndrome – presents with Linear Deposits on IF.


278• Minimal Change Disease – presents in children with Selective Albumin Loss Proteinuria.

279• Fetal HbF – contains Gamma Globin instead of Beta GLobin.


280• Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone) – you must check for Liver Function Tests, due to increased risk of Hepatotoxicity.

No comments:

Post a Comment