721• Crescent Formation – in Light Microscopy is Diagnostic of RPGN, and there will be Accumulations of Fibrin, Monocytes and Macrophages
722• TNF –α Therapy – is associated with Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis. Thus PPD Screens are required before Initiating Therapy. Drugs include (Infliximab, Etanercept)
723• Envelope proteins gp41 – are Fusion Inhibitors that allow Virus to Fuse with Membrane. Drugs Enfuvirtide are useful to prevent this Fusion
724• Gp120 – is used for Viral Attachment to CD4 membrane on T cells
725• Apical Subpleural Blebs – will be seen in patients with Spontaneous Pneumothorax
726• Mifepristone – is Progesterone Antagonist and is Abortificent, Misoprostol is Prostaglandin Analog, that will cause Uterine Contractions and is used in combination with Mifepristone
727• Disseminated Histoplasmosis – is associated with Hepatosplenomegaly in Immunosuppressed Patients
728• Pruritis – is usually a First Symptom of Primary Billiary Cirrhosis, where there are antibodies against Hepatic Bile Ducts and will cause Cholestasis
729• Neisseria Meningitis – will proceed from Pharynx into Blood, then Choroid Plexus and then Meninges. Where H. Influenza will go from Pharynx to Lymphatics and then to Meninges
730• Hyper IgM Syndrome – will present with inability of B Lymphocytes to Undergo Isotype Switching, and will present with Lymphoid Hyperplasia and Recurrent Sinus Infections. Most commonly it’s due to absence of CD 40 Ligand on B Lymphocytes
731• Fibromyalgia – usually affects women of 20-50 and presents with Diffuse Musculoskeletal Pain with pain in the Spine of Scapula, Lateral Epicondyle, Medial Fat Pad in the Knees and pain associated with Exercising
732• Tamoxifen – in Breast Tissue is Anti Estrogenic Effect and Hyperestrogenic Effect in Endometrial Tissue, thus increasing the Risk of Endometrial Cancers, Polyps and Hyperplasia
733• Patients on Levodopa – should not be taking Vitamin B6 Supplements due to Increase Metabolism of Levodopa caused by Vitamin B 6
734• Hepatic Angiosarcoma - is associated with Exposure to Arsenic, Polyvinyl Chloride and will express CD 31 Tumor Markers
735• Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Pathway – is associated with connecting Hypothalamus to Pituitary and responsible for Dopamine Inhibition of Prolactin
736• Sucrose – is a combination of Glucose and Fructose.
737• Lactose – is Galactose and Glucose
738• Maltose – is Glucose and Glucose
739• Corneal Reflex – is associated with Nasocilliary Branch of V 1 Nerve. Motor Component is due to Facial Nerve Temporal Branch
740• Conversion of Tyrosine to DOPA – requires enzyme Tyrosine Hydroxylase
741• DOPA to Dopamine – Dopamine Decarboxylase
742• Dopamine to Norepinephrine – Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase
743• Norepinephrine to Epinephrine – require PNMT (Phenylethanolamine –N- MethylTransferase) and Cortisol Increases Transcription of this Enzyme
744• Presence of Jejunal Ulcers – is Highly Indicative of Gastrinoma, there will also be Diarrhea and Abdominal Pain
745• Respiratory Acidosis – will be seen in patients with Heroin Overdose. Bicarcbonate Levels will be Low, because it will take 24 hours for Bicarb Levels to Compensate
746• Sudden Standing or Valsalva Maneuvers – will increase Intensity of Murmurs in patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
747• IGF-1 of the Liver – is responsible for Growth Hormone Effect in Human Growth
748• IGF -1 from Hypothalamus – is not Responsible for the Growth, but more for CNS Activity
749• Akathisia – usually present as feeling on the Edge, Restlessness, Restless Leg Syndrome
750• Side Effects of Protease Inhibitors – are usually associated with Hyperglycemia, Lipodystrophy (Buffalo Hump etc) and Inhibition of p450
751• Main Side Effect of Cholestyramine – are GI Upset, Increased Triglyceridemia and Impaired Absorption of Nutrients and Drugs
752• End Stage Renal Disease – will be associated with Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica, with Retention of Phosphorus, Loss of Calcium and Activation of 2ndary Hyperparathyroidism
753• Dense Pigment containing Epinephrine Metabolites – is seen in the Lysosomes of the Liver in patients with Dubin Johnson Syndrome
754• Silicosis – will present with Egg Shell Calcification of Lung Hilar Nodes and Birefringent Particles Surrounded by Collagen Fibers
755• Berilliosis – may present with Non Caseating Granulomas
756• Hamartomas – are the most common Benign Lung tumors composed of Collagen, Fibrous and Adipose Tissue
757• Small Cell Lung Carcinoma – is usually associated with Neuroendocrine Markers and will present in the Center of the Lung usually in Smokers
758• ACE Inhibitors – can cause an Increase in Creatinine and Decrease in Hydrostatic Pressure and Decreased Renal Perfusion
759• Acute Appendicitis – is usually due to Obstruction of Lymph Flow of Fecalith. Bacterial Infection will be a pathogenesis of Obstructed Appendix.
760• Positive Kussmaul Sign – will be seen in Patients with Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis.
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