Group 13

481• Transposition of Great Arteries – results from failure of Aorticopulmonary Septum to Spiral during Septation.


482• Ataxia Telengectasia – is an autosomal recessive, where there is a Cerebral Atrophy that will lead to ataxia, these patients are also susceptible to DNA radiation, since they have a deficiency of Exonuclease activity.


483• Terbinafine - is a common drug used for Dermatophytosis, where it inhibits synthesis of Ergosterol by inhibiting Enzyme Squalene Epoxidase.


484• Acute Pancreatitis – is usually caused by Gallstones and Alcoholism, high levels of Triglycerides lead to increased production of Fatty Acids.
 

485• Astrocytes – are found at the periphery of the infarct, and are responsible for maintaining the same form, they are responsible for Gliosis.


486• Supraspinatus – is an Abductor of the arm, vulnerable to injury due to impingement between acromion and the head of the Humerus.


487• Subscapularis – is responsible for Medial Rotation of the Arm


488• Latissimus Dorsi – is the major Adductor of the Arm.


489• Neurons do not store Glycogen – and are highly sensitive to Ischemia, profound hypotension during Cardiac Arrests will cause Global Cerebral Ischemia.


490• De Quervain Thyroiditis – or Granulomattous Thyroiditis, presents after Viral Infections and will present areas of infilitration by Lymphocytes and Multinuclear Giant Cells.


491• Ceruloplasmin – and unabsorbed copper will be Secreted into Bile and excreted Hepatically in the stool


492• Dystrophic Calcification of Aortic Valves – is preceded by the Cell Necrosis, where there is a destruction by Calcification and that will cause Aortic Stenosis.
 

493• Procollagen – is synthesized within Endoplasmic Reticulum, then it’s released into Extracellular Space by transport through Golgi, and then converted into Collagen by peptidases that will cleave off N and C terminal portions. Only then they are crosslinked with other Collagen Molecules after residues are oxidized by Lysyl Oxidase.


494• Malassezia Furfur – are characteristics of Pityriasis Versicolor and appear as Spaghetti and Meatballs.


495• Abdominal Aorta – is mostly involved in the process of Atherosclerosis, then followed by Coronary Arteries, Popliteal, internal carotids and Vessels in the Circle of Willis.


496• Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia – is a congenital obstruction of Extrahepatic Bile Ducts seen by the 3rd week of Life.


497• C peptide and Insulin – packaged together into secretory granules and are released into an extracellular space.


498• Fenfluramine and Phenteramine – extensive consumption of Appetite Suppressors is associated with the risk of Pulmonary Hypertension. Which can progress to Cor Pulmonale.


499• Henoch Schonlein Purpura – consists of Leukocytoclastic Angiitis and associated with deposits of IgA and C3, and is common in children between 3-11 after recent infection.


500• Lack of T tubules – would lead to uncoordinated contraction of individual fibers in myofibrils.


501• Ureteric Bud – gives rise to collecting ducts, minor and major calyces, renal pelvis and ureters.


502• Metanephric Mesoderm – gives rise to Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, proximal, distal convoluted tubes and a connecting tubule


503• Pulmonary Vascular Sclerosis – will occur in patients with Eisenmenger Complex.


504• Low Volume of Distribution of the Drug – such as 4-5 L, may be due to High Molecular Weight, High Plasma Protein, Hydrophillicity and High Charge
 

505• Staph Epidermidis – must be treated with Vancomycin and Rifampin.


506• Indirect Inguinal Hernias – are located Laterally to Inferior Epigastric Vessels


507• Direct Inguinal Hernia – is located Medially to Inferior Epigastric Vessel.
 

508• MAO Inhibitors – such as Phenelzine and Tranycypromine, are particularly useful in treatment of Atypical Depressions, such as in patients with Hyperphagia and Weight Gain.


509• Osteoarthritis – will present with Short Morning Stiffness, and will involve DIP and PIP joints.


510• Rheumatoid Arthritis – will present with a Long Morning Stiffness that will improve with Exercise, and will involve MCP and PIP joints.


511• Spironalactone – may be used in a female that complains of increased Hair Growth on her face, since it will block androgen receptors at hair follicles and decrease production of Testosterone.


512• CFTR – is an ATP gated transmembrane ion transporter that pumps Chloride ions out of the cell against a Concentration Gradient.


513• Lead Time Bias – is an artificial increase in the survival time among tested patients, who actually have an unchanged diagnosis


514• Hepatitis B Prodromal Period – thay might last from 30-180 days, will present with the Serum Sickness Symptoms, where patients will experience fever like condition, skin rash, and lymphadenopathy.


515• V. Cholera – doesn’t invade the Intestinal Mucosa, so it will present with watery mucus and some epithelial cells.


516• Chronic Rejection of a Transplant – will present with Obliterative Intimal Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy and Fibrosis.


517• Improperly Fitted Crutches – will impinge the Radial Nerve and cause symptoms such as inability to Flex the Arm and Wrist


518• Thyroid Hormones – alter Gene Transcription by Binding to Receptors Inside the Nucles.


519• Protein M – is a major Virulence Factor of Strep. Pyogenes and Inhibits Phagocytosis and Complement Activation


520• Lancet Shaped Gram Positive Diplococci – is indicative of Strep. Pneumonia, which is Optochin Sensitive.