761• Midsystolic Click – is usually seen in Patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse
762• Immunocompromised Patients with >200 CD4 Count – will have Strep. Pneumonia as a cause of their Lung Infections
763• Incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma – and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma are now Equal
764• Smoking – is the most Important Risk Factor for Pancreatic Cancer. Diabetes, Chronic Pancreatitis and Age >50 are Strong Risk Factors as well
765• Dating Error – where the expectance Date was miscalculated, might be the most Important Reason for Increase in Alpha Fetoprotein
766• Digoxin – will decrease AV Nodal Conduction, by Increasing Parasympathetic Tone of the Cardiac Muscle
767• Pancreatic Pseudocyst – is a most common complication of Acute Pancreatitis, and is composed of Granulation Tissue and Fibrosis
768• Langerhan Cells – present in Histiocytosis have a Tennis Racquet Shape Intracytoplasmic Granules and are called Birbect Granules
769• JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway – is used by Colony Stimulating Factors, Growth Hormones and Cytokines associated with Tyrosine Kinase Receptors
770• Cysteine – becomes an Essential Amino Acid in patients with Homocystinuria, where there is a defect of Cystathione Synthetase and accumulationg of Methionine
771• Atherosclerotic Plaques with more 75% Occlusion – are a cause of Stable Angina. Where plaques that occlude less than 75% of the Coronary Vessel will be Asymptomatic.
772• Ulcerated Plaque – with partially obstructive thrombosis is associated with Unstable Angina or Subendocardial Infarction.
773• Ruptured Plaque – is associated with Transmural Infarction with a Full Obstructive Thrombus
774• Friedrich’s Ataxia – is associated with Degeneration of Spinocerebellar Tracts, Kyphoscoliosis, Foot Abnormalities (High Arch), Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Increased Risk of Diabetes Mellitus
775• Cleft Lip – is associated with Impaired Fusion of Maxillary Prominence and Medial Nasal Processes
776• Cleft Palate – is due to incomplete Fusion of Palatine Shelves of Maxillary Prominences
777• Spinal Scoliosis – is usually seen in Marfan’s Syndrome
778• Coccioidis Immitis – presents as Flu Like Symptoms, Cough and Erythema Nodosum. Will Have Thick Walled Spherules with Endospores
779• Histoplasma Capsulatum – will present with Pulmonary Symptoms similar to TB, and has Oval Yeast Within the Macrophages (found in caves, infested with bats)
780• Blastomycis – Large Round Yeast with Broad Based Bud, presents with Pulmonary Pneumonia
781• Caspofungin – which are Echinocandins, Inhibit Synthesis of Polysaccharide Glucan and used as Anti Fungal.
782• Wilson’s Disease – will affect degeneration of Putamen as well as Damage to Basal Ganglia.
783• MAP Kinase – signal pathway includes RAS Protein which is a G Protein
784• Colon Adenocarcinoma in UC Patients – will present in 30s and will be Uniformly Spread out. Unlike Sporadic, that arise in patients in 60s and more localized to the Left Side.
785• Carcinoid Syndrome – when Localized to Intestine, it’s products will be Metabolized by the Liver and Patients will not have Symptoms. When it’s Metastasized to the Liver, then Secretory Products are Not Degraded and Patients Will Experience Symptoms.
786• Carcinoid Tumors – arise from Chromaffin Cells of the Intestine, have Eosinophilic Cytoplasm and Oval Shaped Nuclei
787• 4 Stages of Lobar Pneumonia : 1) Congestion (first 24 hours) – Vascular Dilatation, Alveolar Exudate Contains Mostly Bacteria 2) Red Hepatization (2-3 Days) Alveolar Exudate – Erythrocytes, Neutrophils and Fibrin 3) Grey Hepatization (4-6 Days) No RBCs, mostly Neutrophils and Fibrin
788• Polyarteritis Nodosa – will present with Fibrinoid Necrosis with Transmural Inflammation of Arterioles, fever, malaise, melena. Associated with Hep. B Infection
789• Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Defficiency – presents with red-pink PAS Granules of Unsecreted A1AT in Periportal Hepatocytes
790• Hepatic Abscess – will present with Fluid Filled Cavity in the Liver, usually due to Staph Aureus, due to Hematogenous Spread. Where Entamoeba Hystolytica will have Aerobic and Non Aerobic Bacteria containing Abscess
791• Hemosiderin Laden Macrophages – are usually due to Elevated Pulmonary Pressure, secondary to Left Sided Heart Failure
792• Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration – is an Autoimmune Process and presents with Limb and Truncal Ataxia, Dysarthria. Occurs in patients with Ovarian, Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung, Breast and Uterine Cancers.
793• Space Constant – how far along an axon signal will travel is Decreased in patients with Multiple Sclerosis
794• Class Switching for IgE – is due to IL-4 and IL-13 produced by TH2 cells.
795• IL-5 – is responsible for Eosinophilia and Class Switching and Synthesis of IgA
796• Central Retinal Artery Occlusion – presents with Painless, Permanent Monocular Blindness and will have Cherry Macula
797• Patients with Essential Fructosuria – Metabolism of Fructose by Hexokinase to Fructose 6 Phosphate is primary methode of Metabolizing Dietary Fructose
798• Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase and N-Acetylglutamate Synthetase – have increased levels of Ammonia and Neurological Defects.
799• Mycoplasma Pneumonia – will require Cholesterol to grow on Artificial Media, due to Single Layer of Cholesterol Phospholipid Bilayer. They Completely Lack Peptidoglycan Cell Wall, Envelope or Capsule. Usually seen among Military Recruits
800• Optic Nerve Damage – will cause neither pupil to react to Light, but when Light is shined into an opposite eye, both eyes will Constrict due to Intact Motor Function
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