Group 16

601• Increase in cAMP in Vascular Smooth Muscle – will cause Vasodilation, which is a Side Effect of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Hypotensive Patients.
 

602• Fibrinous or Serofibrninous Pericarditis – develops in 20% of the Post MI patients between day 2 and 4, due to infiltration of Inflammatory Cells of the Transmural Infarction. Dressler Syndrome occurs on Day 7 and is an Autoimmune Process.


603• Niacin and Fibrates – are the most useful Treatment in patients with Hypertriglyceridemia


604• Airway Resistance – is Minimal in Bronchioles and Maximal in Large Segments of Bronchi.


605• Cold Agglutinins – are antibodies that will be produced in Response to Mycoplasma Pneumonia Infection, also might be present with Ebstein Barr Virus Infection


606• Calcium Channel Blockers – might present with AV Nodal Blocks and Bradycardia


607• Local Defense against Candida – is produced by T cells, that’s why we see Local Candidiasis in HIV+ Patients, since their T cell Levels are Low


608• Defense against Systemic Candidiasis – is produced by Neutrophils, that’s why Neutropenic Patients will present with Systemic Candidiasis


609• To prevent Neonatal Tetanus – is to ensure that Mothers are Vaccinated with Toxoid to allow transfer of IgG Toxoid through Placenta


610• Cervical Cancer Risk – Number 1 is History of Sexual Partners, since HPV can be transmitted


611• Endometrial Cancer Risk – is due to Nulliparity, early Menarche and Obesity, where increased Estrogen Stimulation of the Endometrium


612• Breast and Ovarian Cancers – Number 1 Risk is Family History


613• Minimal Change Disease – is usually due to the Loss of Polyanion in the Basement Membrane, which will lose the Charge.


614• Rifampin – is used as Prophylaxis against Meningococcal Diseases, as it will Penetrate into Respiratory Tract and Eliminate Nasopharyngeal Colonization
 

615• Niacin – or Nicotinic acid has been used to treat Hyperlipidemias, the side effects of Flushing are due to release of Prostaglandins


616• Left Ventricular Dysfunction – will cause Pulmonary Vessel Vasoconstriction and will contribute to Pulmonary Hypertension


617• Digitalis Toxicity – will present with Hyperkalemia and at times with Bradycardia, Ventricular Tachycardia or Fibrillation


618• Splitting of S2 in ASD – will be permanent and will not change with Respiration


619• Sixth Aortic Arch – gives rise to Pulmonary Arteries and Ductus Arteriosus
 

620• Neuropathic Incontinence – with Neurogenic Detrusor Spasticity, will result from damage from T11 till L2, will cause relaxation, since those nerves inhibit it. S2-S4 are responsible for excitation of the bladder


621• MCHC – Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration is the best Index in making Diagnosis of Hereditary Spherocytosis, Diagnosis is best confirmed with Osmotic Fragility Test


622• Musculocutaneous Nerve – provides innervation of Flexor Muscles of upper arm Sensory to the Lateral Part of the Arm


623• Haptoglobin – binds Free Hemoglobin, in Intravascular Hemolysis, due to destruction of Erythrocytes, Free Hemoglobin Increases, an Exceeds levels of Haptoglobin and thereby Decreasing the Levels of Haptoglobin


624• In HIV – Nucleocapsid Proteins p24 and p7 are from GAG Gene. Envelope Glycoprotein gp41 and gp120 are from ENV gene. Transcription and Translation are from POL gene. TAT and REV are required for Replication


625• Dietary Fructose – is Phosphorylated in the Liver to Fructose 1 Phosphate and Rapidly Metabolized, because it Doesn’t Pass through PFK 1, which is a Regulatory Enzyme of Glycolysis.


626• Ecthyma Gangrenosum – is a Cutaneous Necrotic Disease and it’s associated with Pseudomonas Aureginosa. P. Aeruginosa are common in Neutropenic, Diabetic, Burn Patients.


627• Glucocorticoids and HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors – are associated with Cushingoid Appearance and Fat Distribution


628• Gouty Arthritis – is a Side Effect of Niacin Therapy, which increases Serum Uric Acid. Hepatotoxicity may occur at High Doses. In Diabetics it might cause Hyperglycemia


629• Amphotericin B – Polyene Antifungul and its Side Effects are Renal Failure with Hypokalemia and Hypomagnesemia.


630• Antiphagocytic Polysaccharide Capsule in H. Influenza B – has Ribose in it, instead of Hexose and may be the reason for Increased Virulence


631• Patients with Crohn’s Disease – are prone to developing Gallstones. Decreased Bile Acid Reabsorption and Loss in the Feces will increase Cholesterol Levels and formation of Gallstones


632• Polymyositis – presents with Symmetrical Muscle Weaknesses, on Biopsy there is necrosis, regeneration, large amounts of MHC I molecules infiltrated with CD8 T cells.


633• Primary Biliary Cirrhosis – Autoimmune Destruction of Hepatic Bile Ducts and Cholestasis.


634• All Sickle Cell Patients – at some point will present with Asplenism and thus the increased risk of H. Influenza and Strep. Pneumonia Infections


635• AL Amyloidosis – is Associated with Multiple Myeloma.


636• Generalized Lymphadenopathy – is another Side Effect of Phenytoin, where it might present as a Lump in the Neck.


637• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome – is associated with Endometrial Hyperplasia, due to Unopposed Effect of Estrogen and Increased Risk of Endometrial Carcinoma. Patients also have a Higher Risk of Developing Type II Diabetes


638• Hematogenous Osteomyelitis – will primarily affect Metaphysis of the Bone, due to Rich Vascularization


639• Very Long Chain Fatty Acids – which Cannot Undergo Beta Oxidation, is due to Peroxisomal Absence or Defect, which will lead to Defects from Improper CNS Myelination


640• Half Life – Vd(.7)/CL. 1 Half Life is 50%, 2 Half Lives is 75%, 3 Half Lives – 87.5%, 4 Half Lives – 93.75%

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