Group 8

281• Annular Pancreas – present due to Abnormal Migration of Ventral Pancreatic Bud.


282• Congenital Bicuspid Aortic Valve – presents with Calcification and will cause Aortic Stenosis later on in Life.

283• Bupropion – doesn’t have Sexual Dysfunction Side Effects and is an excellent choice opposed to SSRIs


284• Major Basic Protein – secreted by Eosinophils functions to kill Helminths


285• Adult Pneumovax – is an Unconjugated Polysaccharide Vaccine.


286• Primary Pulmonary Hypertension – is usually due to idiopathic dysfunction of Pulmonary Artery Endothelium

287• ATP – is a regulatory stimulus that acts to stimulate KATP Channels in Insulin Producing Pancreatic Beta Cells.


288• Brown Pigment Stones – results in the release of β-glucuronidase by injured hepatocytes.

289• S. Pneumonia – is able to undergo transformation on the agar, if combined with another bacteria

290• E.Coli – is unable to undergo Pilus Mediated Transfer of DNA Conjugation.


291• Strep. VIridans – produce Dextrans from Glucose to colonize.


292• Congenital Toxoplasmosis – presents with Hydrocephalus, Intracranial Calcifications and Chorioretinits.


293• Coccidiomycosis – produces Spherules in the Lung Tissue.


294• Systemic Macrocytosis – abnormal proliferation of mast cells and increased histamine secretion. Gastric Hypersecretion will be seen in Macrocytosis, due to increased production of Gastric Acid by Parietal Cells.


295• Treatment with Statins – will increase LDL Receptor Density.


296• Neural Tube Defects – will present with increased Alpha Fetoprotein and Increased Acetylcholinesterase


297• Minimal Alveolar Concentration MAC – best measure of potency of an inhaled anesthetics.


298• MHC Class I Molecule – consists of a Heavy Chain and a Beta 2 Microglobulin

299• Lactase Deficiency – will present with Increased Stool Osmotic Gap, Increased Breath Hydrogen and Decreased Stool pH.


300• Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease – presents with activity of TH1 cells, which will increase production of IL-2 and Interferon Gamma and thus increase production of Macrophages and thus Granuloma Formation.


301• Leuprolide – GnRH Agonist, will at first cause a Transient Increase and then Decrease in Testosterone and DHT.


302• Factor V Leiden Mutation – causes Factor Va resistance to Inactivation by Activated Protein C, patients will present with Atypical Thromboses.


303• Legionnaire’s Disease – caused by Legionella Pneumonia causes disease in smokers, with diarrhea, headache and confusion

304• DDAVP (Desmopressin) – increases vWF release from the endothelial cells.


305• S 4 – causes an extra sound before S 1 and that is due to a stiff ventricle


306• Second Generation (Atypical) Anti Psychotics - Clozapine, Risperidone, Olanzapine and Quietiapine are used for positive and negative symptoms.


307• Echinococcus – usually causes cysts in the liver, that if are ruptured, may cause Anaphylaxis.


308• Cyanotic Spells – where a patient will strain himself to vasoconstrict and thus reverse RàL shunt, are seen in Tetrallogy of Fallot.


309• Diastolic Failure – will cause an increase only in EDVP, where a Systolic will increase both ES and EDVP.

310• Benign Glomus Tumor – glomangioma, can produce a tender cyanotic nodule under the nail, and the cells that caused this are involved in Thermoregulation.


311• Morphine – opioid agonist, that works on Potassium Channel Conductance.


312• Negative Predictive Value – the probability of being free of disease, if the result is negative. • Small Cell Carcinoma – shows evidence of neuroendocrine origin.


313• Potassium Iodide – is added to decrease the uptake of thyroid by the thyroid gland in Hyperthyroid Patients.

314• PTU – propylthiouracil, blocks the enzyme Thyroid Peroxidase, and thus decreases the formation of Thyroid Hormone.

315• Ventricular Hypertrophy – as well as volume overload can induce formation of ANP and BNP from ventricular myocytes and induce diuresis and natriuresis.


316• Selegeline – an inhibitor of MAO Type B receptors, in patients treated for Parkinson it can protect from damaging of dopaminergic neurons. Treatment with Selegeline and Amantadine is a First Step in management of Parkinson Patients, after all the options are tried, only then we administer Carbidopa/Levodopa.

317• COX 2 Inhibitors – do not affect platelet function, because it’s mostly under COX 1 control.


318• Maple Syrup Urine Disease – defect in α-ketoacid dehydrogenase, which requires 5 cofactors (Thiamine Pyrophosphate, FAD, NAD and Coenzyme Q) similar to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase.


319• Rupture of Myocardium – is the most common complication of AMI 3-7 days later. Hypotension, Increased Jugular Vein Distention and Muffled Heart Sounds are the signs.


320• Dietary Energy – 9 kCal per gram of Fat, 4 kCal per gram of Carbs and Protein and 7 kCal per gram of Ethanol.